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Paretroplus menarambo is a freshwater fish endemic to Madagascar and epitomizes captive breeding efforts to save threatened Malagasy fish. The last reports of this species in the wild were in the late 1990s and it is now listed as Extinct in the Wild. However, breeding populations are maintained in captivity thanks to animals collected in 1993 and shipped back to Old World Exotic Fish in Homestead, Florida, USA. The main causes for the loss of this species were deforestation, which had a detrimental effect on the species freshwater habitat, introduced alien species, and overfishing. Photo © Paul Loiselle.