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Origin:Malaysia, Malakka, 3km north of Ayer Hitam, and the Segamat-Muar area in Johor

Etymology: Named after the goddess Persephone, daughter of Demeter and Zeus.

Synonyms: Betta miniopinna

First European import: Germany, 1986, by Dietrich Schaller.

Description: Dwarf betta, dark grey to black body, fins greenisch. Ventral fins red with white tips.

Care: Species tank is required. Can be kept in small 40 cm tanks which should be well covered since the fish are accurate jumpers. Some boiled leaves and driftwood, tanned peat filtered water, and some floating plants, combined with a dark soil will create a suitable environment for the fish. Waterconditions, pH around 5, and hardness below 5 dGH.

Temperature:23-28 degrees

Feeding: Small live and frozen food.

Size: 3.2 cm.

pH: 4.0-6.0

Breeding: Bubblenester.According to Vierke (1988) about 100eggs are laid. During the breeding season which coincides with the rainseason the fish will emerge from ditches and small ponds and inhabit the submerged forest grounds where they will find an abundance of food. Larger B. persephone fry will help the parents defend the nest, and care for the newly hatched fry.

Sexual dimorphism:

Prices: Unk.

Additional: Betta miniopinna was previously considered a separate species, with slight differences in coloration. Now it has been changed to a synonym for Betta persephone, and should be adressed as
Betta persephone "Riau Archipel".

Picture references:Picture 1: R. K. Tran, Eclod Bettas. Click on the link to see another picture. Other pictures E. Naus.

References:Vierke, J. (1988): Bettas, gouramis and other anabantoids (Labyrinth fishes of the world), T.F.H. Publications, inc.

Linke, H.(1980): Labyrinthfische - Farbe im Aquarium. Tetra Verlag, Melle, Germany.

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