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Carolus Linnaeus, actually Carl von Linne, was a Swedisch docter, who studied medicin in the Netherlands(1735-1738 in Harderwijk). In Amsterdam he published 'Systema naturae' in the year 1735. With this publication he introduced the binary name system, as well as a number of botanical terms to avoid long description. Some of the terms he introduced are folium(leaf), radix(root), flos(flower). He developed a new system to determine plant species, by mainly ordering plants after their reproductive systems he greatly simplified determination. Systema naturae also introduced the grouping of plant species with many similarities into families, through which an overview of relations between species has been accomplished.
The ichthyological part of systema naturae is fully based on Peter Artedi's book 'Ichthyologia sive opera omnia de pisces scilicet', who introduced the use of latin names in this book. Linnaeus changed the name Lepturus to Trichiurus, and added seventeen other names. Sadly Linnaeus modifications of Peter Artedi's conceptions didn't turn out to be an improvement.

Systema naturae was later revised by among other Braun in 1864.

References:

Hoedeman, J. J.(1969): Aquariumvissen encyclopedie 5. Elsevier Nederland B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.